The Works of Alfred Lord Tennyson - 1526 Words

Alfred Lord Tennyson was the most popular British poet of the Victorian Era. He set a precedent for the rest of his time and times to come. His poetry reflected the moral and intellectual values of his time (World Poets 95). Throughout his own hardships and failures Alfred expressed himself through the character â€Å"Ulysses†. He uses this character to show his feelings of â€Å"going forward and braving the struggle of life† (Ulysses 1). These illustrations used in his poem are events that paralleled with his own life through the death of his friend. He uses these works to voice himself through his poems and even now his works are still used today because he is so influential to every generation. The Victorian Era was growing rapidly along with all of its innovations and people. This Era is when we first begin to see a shift from rural farm life to upbeat urban city life. It begins at beginning of Queen Victoria’s reign in 1837 and ends after her death in 1901 (The Victorian Era 1). During her reign are some of the most important and life-changing moments in history for the world. Along will all of these transitions in history Alfred Lord Tennyson are making history by setting his mark on the era of his time. People of this time were seen as optimistic about the future. They all wanted to learn something new or create a modernization. By this time persons could enjoy the comfort and accessibility of the railway system (History in Focus 1). This was a huge step for England in theShow MoreRelated A Study Of The Life And Career Of Lord Alfred Tennyson and Selected Criticisms of His Works1751 Words   |  8 Pages A Study Of The Life And Career Of Lord Alfred Tennyson And Selected Criticism Of His Works nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Whether a person likes or dislikes the works of Lord Alfred Tennyson, most would agree that he was one of the most influential writers of his time period. Tennyson grew up in a wealthy family never wanting for anything. English author often regarded as the chief representative of the Victorian age in poetry. Tennyson succeeded Wordsworth as Poet Laureate in 1850; he was appointedRead MoreThe Victorian Er A Perfect Embodiment Of This Era1257 Words   |  6 Pageschange in poetry that was quite dramatic. One poet who s work contains a perfect embodiment of this era is Alfred, Lord Tennyson. First baron Tennyson was born on August 6, 1809 in Somersby, Tennyshire and died at home in Surrey on October 6, 1892 (Alfred 1). Even though Tennyson grew into an adequate man his upbringings were not lovely. Tennyson s father was a drunk who took out all of his anger on his wife and children (Allen 1). Tennyson began writing poetry with his brother and they publishedRead MoreConcerning His Poems, Alfred Lord Tennyson’S Work Relies1003 Words   |  5 PagesConcerning his poems, Alfred Lord Tennyson’s work relies on an extensive thematic scheme. In Tennyson’s poem, â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade†, a number of themes are present including heroism, honor, patriotism, and loyalt y. Put together, Tennyson tells the story of a cavalry brigade facing their destiny head on. Alfred Lord Tennyson’s poem â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† tells the story of a cavalry battle that took place during the Crimean War. The poem begins by throwing the audience directlyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Charge Of The Light Brigade And Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesWhile both Alfred Lord Tennyson and Wilfred Owen describe war in great detail in their works â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade† and â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est,† respectively, Tennyson describes the courage and honor of warfare, whereas Owen goes into more detail about the horrors and atrocities that go hand-in-hand with war. Tennyson describes a battle in which 600 bold and courageous men storm a valley, which he refers to as the â€Å"Valley of Death† (line 7), to meet their almost inevitable death. Owen in hisRead MoreEssay on Tennysons Poetry and Views1409 Words   |  6 PagesTennysons Poetry and Views Alfred Lord Tennyson and his works have been an important part of canonical literature for over a century. He is as important as he is because his work is exceptional in many ways. One of these exceptional differences, in my opinion, is the conflicting view of women Tennyson portrays in his poetry, especially his poem Locksley Hall. Tennysons Locksley Hall is, in my opinion, a poem that would benefit greatly from an ideological discussion concerning TennysonsRead MoreVictorian Literature of Quests800 Words   |  3 Pagesquest in his works is Alfred, Lord Tennyson in his pieces â€Å"Ulysses† and â€Å"Crossing the Bar.† Alfred, Lord Tennyson writes about a character yearning to continue journeying around the world in â€Å"Ulysses.† Ulysses, who is also the narrator of the poem, explains that he â€Å"cannot rest from travel† and that he â€Å"will drink life to the lees† (lines 6, 7). Ulysses tells the reader that he has visited numerous different places encountering different people, weather, governments, and the like. Tennyson portraysRead MoreThe Romantic Victorians Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesliterary work of the Romantic era because of the various themes that compose it. The â€Å"The Lady of Shallot† by Alfred, Lord Tennyson in the Victorian era is a poem that can portray the society that shaped the era. Both poems share the theme isolation because the main characters in the poem are isolated from others. The Romantics era lasted from the year 1798 to the year 1834 and is an era full of changes. In this era the artists had freedom to express what they felt through their arts of work. ThereforeRead MoreAlfred Lord Tennysons Life Influences on His Work508 Words   |  2 PagesTennyson’s life and work (Biographical life of Tennyson) Alfred Lord Tennyson always had some life meaning behind his poems. He was born in the rural town of Somersby in Lincolnshire, the fourth of twelve children. In 1884, Queen Victoria made Tennyson a baron, and so he became the title of Lord in his time. From the Academy of American Poets website, it is stated that, â€Å"At the age of 41, Tennyson had established himself as the most popular poet of the Victorian era.† Alfred Lord Tennyson life had a hugeRead MoreAlfred, Lord Tennyson and the Meaning of The Change of the Light Brigade1883 Words   |  7 PagesAlfred, Lord Tennyson and the Meaning of â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade,† by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, was one of the artists’ most famous poems because it memorialized a failed but valiant attack by the British cavalry during the Crimean war. The poem is an emotional tribute to bravery and gallantry in the face of devastation. It highlights the cavalry’s valor in courageously executing their orders, even despite being outnumbered and brutally defeated. ThroughoutRead MoreAnalysis of Alfred Tennyson ´s Three Poems Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesAlfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson of Aldworth and Freshwater is known as one of the greatest poetic figure of the Victorian Age. Tennyson started writing poetry at an early age and at the age of twelve he wrote a 6,000 line poem. His poems consisted of medieval legends, myths, and everyday life and nature. When he was appointed laureate a position he held for 42 years, the longest of any laureate, he wrote about historical events and one of his famous works was Ode on the Death of Duke of Wellington

An Analysis of Three Important Messages from Rime of the...

In the course of our lives, many of us, for the most part have committed some sort of mistake or wrong doing. These mistakes can be small, others not so much. Sometimes our mistakes have consequences that will come after them, leading to the conclusion of learning from our mistake. However, from a religious perspective, mistakes are either made up by repentance or a penance. The penance part is a sort of punishment in order to make up for the wrong doing you have committed. I, being Catholic, a form of penance have been familiar to me, since a very small age. The penance given to the man in â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† is in fact credibly harsh. However, we can learn from our mistakes, in doing this we can look at the messages in the poem†¦show more content†¦As he states, â€Å"Since then, at an uncertain hour, that agony returns and till my ghastly tale is told this heart within me burns.† (Coleridge, Rime of the Ancient Mariner, page 844, lines 582-585 ) This penance given to this ancient mariner shows and tells us that all forms of life are precious and should not be harmed. This goes for the bird that he killed at sea and for the boy he is speaking to and trying to pass this message along so that hopefully no one in the future ends up with the â€Å"agony in his heart† to tell of the evil he has committed. The final important message from this poem is to treat all life with respect. This main point is the climax of the mariner’s tale. He states, â€Å"All things both great and small; for the dear God who loveth us, He made and loveth all.† When the boy hears this final statement he is put into a short of trance. No longer does he want to attend the wedding party or no longer does he have the same view of life as he did before. This mariner has told him to treat all life with respect, such as he didn’t do with the albatross, and now I believe the boy sees what position this ancient mariner is now. T his boy has shown this man the respect he needs and now the larger lesson of treating life with respect was shown to the boy. The three important messages of treating life with respect, all life is precious and to liveShow MoreRelated Symbolism in â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pages In 1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge published his poem â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†. Several editions followed this, the most notable being the 1815 version, which included a gloss. This poem has grown to become well known and debated, especially concerning the message that Coleridge was attempting to impart. The interpretation of the poem as a whole and of various characters, settings, and objects has been the subject of numerous essays, papers, books, and lectures. There are approximatelyRead MoreCritical Analysis of Coleridges The Rime of the Ancient Mariner2466 Words   |  10 Pagescomplex web of themes and symbols within the seemingly si mple plot line of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. The story of the seafarer with the glittering eye (1.13) and his puzzling tale at sea told to an unwilling listener, the Wedding Guest, unfolds into a multifaceted array of planned sequences, heavy religious undertones, and hints at a biographical account of Coleridges past. If one reads The Rime of the Ancient Mariner simply as a tale at sea, the poem stands as a remarkable one with its continuousRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 Pagessearching for the source of magnetism in the northern polar regions. There he finds and rescues Dr. Victor Frankenstein from certain death in the icy ocean. While he is recovering, Frankenstein tells Walton the story of his life. Set within Frankenstein’s narrative and Walton’s letters is the first-person story told by the creature Frankenstein created. Frankenstein, a young man from a happy family in Geneva, Switzerland, becomes obsessed with the idea of bestowing life on inanimate matter. He studiesRead MoreStylistic Potential of the English Noun16714 Words   |  67 Pages-30 1.5.4 Stylistic potential of the category of article determination -34 Chapter Two. Analysis of examples taken from fiction on the basis of considered theoretical phenomena -42 2.1 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of gender -43 2.2 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of number -53 2.3 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of case -55 2.4 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of article determination Read MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesapart from her true love Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · short stories and novels hold readers attention through dread of a series of terrible possibilities feature landscapes of dark forests, extreme vegetation, concealed ruins with horrific rooms, depressed characters Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · today in literature we still see portrayals of alluring antagonists whose evil characteristics appeal to one s sense of awe today in literature we still see stories of the persecuted young girl forced apart from her

Global Expansion Developing - Producing - and Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Global Expansion Developing, Producing, and Marketing. Answer: Introduction The company that deals in discovering, developing, producing, and marketing of drugs or pharmaceuticals for medication purpose is known as the pharmaceutical company. A pharmaceutical company may operate in brand or generic medical devices and medications. A pharmaceutical company comes under a number of laws and regulations. The laws are levied to govern the testing, efficacy, patenting, safety, and marketing of drugs. Remedy is a pharmaceutical company operating Queensland, Australia since 2011 (Amankwah-Amoah, 2014). It has earned a well-known name in the domestic market and now wanted to enter in the International market. Two countries shortlisted by the companys management are China and South Africa. Both have lot potential to provide gain to the company. This report identifies the challenges and risks a company may face while operating in either of the countries. After determining all the risks the country which has better prospects will be decided and justified. The best entry mode for operating in the chosen country will be discussed. At the end of the report, the summary of the report will be provided in the conclusion (Anderson and Sutherland, 2015). Background of the company The remedy is a well-known Pharmaceutical company operating since 2011 in Queensland, Australia. It engages in the marketing and distribution of the branded medication for the cancer and related disease. It also researches on the medications related to cancer. In 2015 the companys profit reached one billion in the domestic market. Now management wants to expand its business internationally. It aims at increasing its profit to the double by investing in the global market (Bradley, 2016). The company is searching for a country where it has the availability of resources as well as man power that will be required to run a unit in a new country. It also prefers that the country laws and regulations where it is going to develop its new unit should be business friendly and helpful. The management of Remedy has shortlisted two countries China and South Africa for setting up a subsidiary. Now the management has to analyse and decide the best place to set up a subsidiary of the company (Cisse, 2013). China China is the most populous country in the world, governed by the Communist party of China. China is considered to be a major regional power in Asia and a developing market. Most of the international company take China as a favourable place for expanding their business. The Chinese government has great plans for developing the healthcare industry. It has added healthcare system in its five-year plan. The result shows an astonishing growth in the healthcare sector. The budget committed by the Chinese government to the healthcare sector in 2011 was $359 billion and expected to increase to $1 trillion in 2020. China is acting as the most attractive market globally for pharmaceuticals, medical products, and consumer health. Most of the multinational healthcare companies are interested in investing in China for the development of their business. But there is no surety of success in a long-term (Font, 2012). Risks and Opportunities in China Commercial risks- the risk of the inability of foreign based customer to honour its debt in an international transaction is known as commercial risk. A lot of difficulties are occurring in the Chinese economy recently. The wealth in China is not divided equally. Maximum wealth is clustered amongst 25% of the Chinese population and rest 75% population comes under poverty. This makes the transaction of money a shady process. This may lead to commercial risk where the money transactions do not get honoured (Greenbaum, 2015). Country risk- When a company decides to expand its business in another country it prefers to check the country risk which refers to the level to which economic and political unrest and fluctuation affect the business. It is divided into two categories: Political risks- In China business rules and regulations are very absolute and transparent because China comes under the communist party that overpowers the legislation, economic and cultural institutions. One has to follow a social network called guanxiwang for operating in China. The corruption and lack of transparency only people associated with the communist party can make things better for a company to enter the Chinese market (Habberton, 2015). Economic Risks- when a company enters a foreign market the economic stability of that market has to be considered. The economy of China mainly depends on the exports of the manufacturing industries. Due to this China tries to keep the Yuan maintain against United States dollar. Thus, any change in the value of Yuan will directly affect the profitability of the western company operating in China. The banks of China favour the local manufacturers and provide them huge loans for their success. Even taxes are levied to favour the local manufacturers. This result in increased cost advantages for a local company and a challenge for a foreign company. The knowledge of macro economics risk of China becomes important for the foreign companies before starting the business (Hughes, 2007). Currency risk- China has a strong GDP growth in last decade and many investors prefer to invest in the emerging markets of China. The Chinese government tries to have a stable currency, means maintaining the value of Yuan against US dollars. But, fluctuations in other countries currency affect the currency, of China that affects the profitability ratio of the foreign companies (Liu, 2012). Cross-cultural risk- China is a very traditional country and they have very different cultures than the western countries. The Chinese culture is immensely reflected in the business world of China. Following strict hierarchy, valuing face culture are few traditions that are followed in China, and expected to be followed by the foreign companies also. Peoples characters play a very important role in China. Therefore to run a successful business in China one has to understand and overcome the cultural challenge (Loo, 2012). Opportunities Old age population- the population of people above 65 years is quite high in China. The requirement of healthcare services is more than any other age group due to their weak immune system. The weak immune system results in higher number of illness. 20-30 percent of prescribed drug market and 45-55 percent of the over the counter drug market is covered by the elderly population. This means a lot of prospects of success in future for Remedy. (Okoro, 2012) Strong Economic Growth- Chinas GDP has shown a remarkable growth in the last two decades which makes Chinese economy the fastest growing economy in the world. This is a big attraction for the foreign investors to invest in the emerging market of China. Rising Global Status- The growing economic structure of China and the increasing foreign investment in the country has poised China the largest economy in the world. This has also given China a higher status in the global politics (Overbo, 2016). Healthcare Sector- China has included Healthcare Sector in its five-year plan and made a lot of plans for the improvement of the healthcare sector. It has aimed at increasing $369 billion dollars budget (2011) of the healthcare sector to $1 trillion dollars till 2020. This will give a lot of opportunities for success and business in China for Remedy Pharmaceuticals Company (Slangen and Hennart, 2007). South Africa South Africa is an important industrial section of Africa. It has more than 50 million of the population divided into various ethnic groups. The country is full of diversified cultures. The World Bank has classified South Africas economy as an upper-middle-income economy. South Africa is gaining a fine name in the industrial sector as per the World Bank. South Africa has an ample store of natural resources which makes it a choice for various industries. In ESA countries only South Africa and Kenya has a few pharmaceuticals companies. But, still, most of the population does not have access to the proper medications. The reason of it is the low domestic production. South Africa does not have supportive policies, skills, capital, and weak research capacities. South Africa can be a very potential country for opening a pharmaceutical company. If all the barriers like investment, technology, and skills can be overcome than a huge market is available for a pharmaceutical company in South Af rica (Slangen, 2013). Risks and Opportunities in South Africa Commercial Risk- Starting a new venture in South Africa takes a lot of time as it is a lengthy procedure. It can also cost quite an amount of income per capita. But, this is also true that the cost of starting a business venture in South Africa is only 0.3% per capita income as compared to other continents which could be 60% of per capita income (Sun, 2010). Country Risk- it is divided into two categories: Political Risk- the government of South Africa is quite stable but new in governing a country. There are still a lot of laws and rules required for the development of the country. Same goes for the pharmaceutical companies. Proper rules and regulations are required to be framed by the government to attract the investors in this field. Economic Risks- the market value of Rand is quite low in the global market. This help in reducing the cost of production using the labour and raw material available in South Africa. But, this also results in decreased profitability as compared to other countries, because the profit will also be coming mainly in Rand (Timmins, 2015). Cross-cultural risk- there is some diversified cultures in South Africa. The total number of national languages is eleven which makes it a tough task for a foreign countrys company to operate in South Africa. It is very important to understand that the business environment here is quite informal. They prefer to be direct in their approach which is very different from western countries. All the different religions are deeply rooted in their traditions here and prefer the foreign companies also to follow these traditions. Corruption- in South Africa the public resources are used for private use. Bribery and improper favouritism is also a part of day to day working of South Africa legislation. These corruption practices are illegal still, there are loop holes in the rules against corruption which make these practices possible (Wang, 2009). Opportunities Natural Resources- South Africa have abundant natural resources. Tropical woods can act as a great research material for Remedy Pharmaceuticals Company. They can research and experiment with new herbs and plant found in South Africa. Monopoly- Pharmaceuticals companies operating in Africa can be counted on fingers. If Remedy Pharmaceutical Company decides to put up a unit in South Africa, then they can cover the whole market as they have the expertise of the business beforehand (Weaven and Frazer, 2007). Selected Destination Remedy Pharmaceuticals Company wanted a place where they can easily adjust with their business operations and expand their business globally. After scrutinizing both the countries the best destination for the company-expansion will be South Africa. Both the countries has their benefits and challenges, but South Africa has maximum potential for the type of business Remedy Pharmaceuticals Company wanted to set up (Wu and Chen, 2014). The reasons of selecting South Africa are: Stable government- South Africa may have a new government, but it is stable. The government still has to come up with some rules and regulation regarding pharmaceutical sector, which make it easy for the company to complete their set up without a lot of government intervention. Cost Advantages- both the countries have cheap labour but in the recent times, Chinese Government has passed wages rule in their country which all the business set ups has to follow. In South Africa, no such rule has come up till now which can act as an advantage for the company. Also, raw material availability is also added to the cost advantages as South Africa has abundant natural resources (Yee, 2008). Market share- Company will be a leading organisation as their no or a very few competitors that can share the market share of the company. Cultural diversity- China and South Africa both the countries are traditionally rich and prefer to follow their culture, but Chinese are stricter in business traditions, and interfere with the companys working style. South African has traditions, but they have not up to that level that they interfere in companys job (Zhang, Cui and Qian, 2014). Requirement- The requirement of a pharmaceutical company is more in South Africa rather than China. Ownership- In China, a company can only operate when it has a partnership with a domestic company which is not the case in South Africa. The Remedy Pharmaceuticals Company will remain the whole sole owner of the company (Zhang, Cui and Qian, 2014). The Entry Mode For setting up an operating unit, it is necessary to decide how a company want to set up its business in a foreign country. There are three methods Joint Venture, Greenfield, and Acquisition. The best entry mode for Remedy Pharmaceuticals Company to enter the South African market is Greenfield. Greenfield entry mode means setting up a business from scratch in a foreign country. All the machinery, plant, research unit, etc are built by the company itself (Han and Luo, 2016). It is an expensive entry mode for a company and also a bit risky for the company which is entering international market for the first time. But, the type of pharmaceutical company Remedy is, it needs secrecy in the case of discovery and research work they do in their company, which is not possible in the case of the joint venture and acquisition. The company will be the boss and does not have share the market share and profit with anyone. The company can purchase or lease a land or a factory in the host country an d set its own machinery and research work there. This will not only be beneficial in keeping research and discovery under safe hands, but also the company can follow their rule in the company which is not possible with the domestic people also being a part of the company (Dheda, 2016). Conclusion The emerging markets have become an attractive option for companies to open their subsidiaries and enter the international market. These companies enter an emerging market in search of growth and new opportunities as the developed markets are tending to be more competitive and saturated. In this report, a pharmaceutical company Remedy decided to enter the international market in search of new growth opportunities. Considering the requirements of the company two countries were shortlisted, and their risk and benefits were discussed. Out of China and South Africa, South Africa proved to be a better option for opening a subsidiary and expanding business for Remedy Pharmaceutical Company. South Africa proved to a place where a company can easily set up its business as it has a stable government, cheap labour, fewer rules and regulations, and ample natural resources. Once the country got finalized the entry mode for the company required to enter the international market was justified as G reenfield entry mode. This will provide the company full control of its subsidiary even in the foreign country. Hence, it concludes, that South Africa will prove to be a better option to expand the business of Remedy Pharmaceutical Company in the international market. References Amankwah-Amoah, J. (2014). Organizational Expansion to Underserved Markets: Insights from African Firms. Thunderbird International Business Review, 56(4), pp.317-330. Anderson, J. and Sutherland, D. (2015). Entry mode and emerging market MNEs: An analysis of Chinese greenfield and acquisition FDI in the United States. Research in International Business and Finance, 35, pp.88-103. Bradley, A. (2016). China and South Africa: Emerging Powers in an Uncomfortable Embrace. Journal of Contemporary China, pp.1-12. Ciss, D. (2013). South Africaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s Special Economic Zones Inspiration from China?. African East-Asian Affairs, 69(0). Font, L. (2012). International couture: The opportunities and challenges of expansion, 18801920. Business History, 54(1), pp.30-47. Greenbaum, S. (2015). Tail-Risk Perspectives. Investing, 24(2), pp.164-175. Habberton, C. (2015). The Role of Democracy in the Governance of Institutional Investing in South Africa. Development, 58(1), pp.103-111. Hughes, S. (2007). 30 years of statisticians in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceut. Statist., 6(1), pp.1-3. Liu, Y. (2012). Investing in China: Opportunities and Risks in the Future. JFRM, 01(01), pp.1-6. Loo, M. (2012). Negotiating with the Malaysian Chinese: versatile partners for business expansion in Asia. International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets, 4(4), p.293. Okoro, E. (2012). Cross-Cultural Etiquette and Communication in Global Business: Toward a Strategic Framework for Managing Corporate Expansion. IJBM, 7(16). Overbo, W. (2016). Health sector changes must reach further. Healthcare Management Forum, 29(2), pp.78-81. Slangen, A. (2013). Greenfield or Acquisition Entry? The Roles of Policy Uncertainty and MNE Legitimacy in Host Countries. Global Strategy Journal, 3(3), pp.262-280. Slangen, A. and Hennart, J. (2007). Greenfield or acquisition entry: A review of the empirical foreign establishment mode literature. Journal of International Management, 13(4), pp.403-429. Sun, B. (2010). Concerns of Enterprises Expansion. International Journal of Business Administration, 1(1). Timmins, N. (2015). The bitter divide over the private sector. British Journal of Healthcare Management, 21(4), pp.198-198. Wang, A. (2009). The Choice of Market Entry Mode: Cross-Border MA or Greenfield Investment. IJBM, 4(5). Weaven, S. and Frazer, L. (2007). Expansion Through Multiple Unit Franchising: Australian Franchisors Reveal their Motivations. International Small Business Journal, 25(2), pp.173-205. Wu, J. and Chen, X. (2014). Home country institutional environments and foreign expansion of emerging market firms. International Business Review, 23(5), pp.862-872. Yee, K. (2008). Deep-Value Investing, Fundamental Risks, and the Margin of Safety. The Journal of Investing, 17(3), pp.35-46. Dheda, M. (2016). Perspectives on the Emergence of Pharmacovigilance in Public Health Programmes in South Africa. Pharm Med, 30(4), pp.213-219. Han, W. and Luo, J. (2016). Patenting pharmaceuticals in China. Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst, 5(4), pp.249-259. Kongolo, T. (2005). Public Interest versus the Pharmaceutical Industry's Monopoly in South Africa. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 4(5), pp.609-627. Zhang, P., Cui, X. and Qian, Y. (2014). Risk Sharing Agreement Considerations for Pharmaceuticals in China Makret. Value in Health, 17(7), p.A801.

Surveys

Introduction According to Babbie (2009), surveys originate from ancient times in Egypt. Egyptian rulers used surveys during the time of Christ through census. Today, survey research helps to collect information for survey report.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Surveys specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Survey, in business research, helps the business person know his target market, understand and meet the customers’ needs. Surveys also help in getting feedback from the customers concerning the products or services that a business entity offers. According to Babbie (2009), research helps to explore topics, describe situations and explain an occurrence or situation. How to construct a questionnaire Questionnaires help in finding useful information that could help in a research project. They help in collecting data and bringing out varied points of view. Babbie (2009), states that the layout and format that one chooses to use in a questionnaire are of immense importance in relation to the information he wants to get and analyse in the business research. A questionnaire should not make the respondent miss or misinterpret the question since this will lead to a wrong response. The wording used in a questionnaire should be able to encourage quick understanding and correct response. Difficult questionnaires could be thrown aware or ignored by the respondent. The questions in a questionnaire should be well spread out to ensure that they appear in an organized manner. Organization helps the respondent to have an easy way of answering questions and giving a proper response to the questions. This information will also help the researcher create a well organized methodology that will help others understand the research well. According to Babbie (2009), the questions should not be clustered. The use of abbreviations and incorporation of several questions in a single line is not advisable in a questionnaire. This is because some respondents might misinterpret the abbreviation and give a wrong answer to the question. Combining several questions to form one long question will make the respondent demoralized. This is because; people prefer answering many short questions to few long questions. This move could make the respondent give up on answering the questions or give wrong answers. Long questions are difficult for the respondent to understand. The processing of these clustered questions during data analysis is also a tough task for the interviewer.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The way the researcher phrases his questions in the questionnaire could impact positively or negatively to the research project. A questionnaire that has well organized questions, for instance, will make it easy for the respondent to give correct answers. A questionnaire with complicate d phrases is difficult for the respondent to understand. The questionnaire, therefore, should include direct, well-structured questions that help to get facts and not confuse the respondent. Straight-forward questions help the respondents to give correct answers that will make it easy for the researcher to analyse and process. According to Babbie (2009), response options should also be well outlined in the questionnaire. The researcher could choose to have open-ended questions (for instance questions that require the respondent to write down the answer in a sentence form) and close ended-questions (in this case the respondent picks an answer from the choices given). Close ended questions are always a guideline for the interviewer to support his research project. In some cases, the choices given could be; yes, no or maybe. The questions, in this case, are always direct and the information given matches the hypothesis that the researcher has included in his research. Close-ended quest ions use boxes to give the choices that bring out required answers. One can approximate the sizes of the boxes that are to be incorporated by the use of brackets. One can then go ahead to create the boxes using Microsoft word processor. A researcher could use the response options to make the respondent choose answers that support his research argument. This could be done by phrasing the questions in a manner that the respondent chooses the answers that the researcher wants. According to Babbie (2009), the sequence of questions is a vital consideration in writing a questionnaire. The questions should be arranged from the simplest to the difficult one. This arrangement helps the respondent to be attentive in answering the questions. This is because the respondent finds it easy to answer subsequent questions after getting the first one correct. This will encourage him to finish the remaining questions. Difficult questions, at the beginning of the questionnaire, could make the responden t abandon the questionnaire. The questions in the questionnaire should also be properly arranged. There should be a systematic flow of questions to ensure collection of correct information. The first question should be related to the second. This arrangement helps the respondent use the first question to answer the next.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Surveys specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The questionnaire should start by an introduction statement. In the introduction, the researcher appreciates the willingness by the respondent to help in the research by answering the questionnaire. The researcher further states that the questionnaire helps to answer the business research topic presented. This helps in the initiating of the respondent into the questionnaire and makes them feel appreciated. Demographic questions help the researcher understand the respondent even without knowing his name. These quest ions help the researcher to know how the responses given differ among the various categories of people. This approach helps in making the questionnaire less harsh and chaotic. They also help prepare the respondent for the rest of the questions. Demographic questions could range from the age of the respondent, ethnic orientation, profession or academic level. In most cases, the respondent does not give his name, and if he does, it is confidential and hence the name could be changed or omitted when compiling the research report. Different theories can be used to determine a research topic. The use of theories helps the researcher to create a guideline that he will use to carry out the research. The theories also help in making the research authentic and credible since it involves referring to other researches done by previous authors. Special instructions and guidelines should be laid out in a questionnaire. The questions should also be constructed in a way that they support the resea rch project. A good questionnaire, therefore, according to Goddard and Melville (2001) is complete; short, outlines only relevant questions, objective, incorporates closed questions and gives clear instruction. Research Methodology According to Goddard Melville (2001) there are various sources of information that could be used in a research. These sources include textbooks, company reports, the internet, articles in journals, conference proceeding, newspapers and magazines. Literary studies could also be used. For instance, a researcher could choose to employ preliminary literary study in order to be abreast with the issues in the study. This is a preparation for the main research. A full literary study, however, is the main research and not part of the preparation.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are several barriers that a researcher could face during his survey. A researcher finds it difficult to communicate with people of a different language. For instance, when one needs information from a native community, he has to write the questions in a language that they will understand. This could involve interpretation of the questions from the original language to a native language to suit the respondent. Inaccessibility of certain research areas could also make it difficult for the researcher to get the information he needs. These areas could also be without telephones or internet hindering the use of alternative data collections methods. In many cases, the outcome of a survey, for instance a business survey, could make the company understand the customers well and, therefore, address their needs. This move often leads to improved customer relation and increased sales and profits. The information from a survey should be in line with the research topic. From the research h ypothesis outlined, the researcher should create a questionnaire that will help him collect only relevant information. This information should help the researcher strengthen his argument in the research and show that what he is presenting is correct. In business research for instance, one will have to get relevant business information that will support his argument. The information collected, therefore, should be valid and help bring out the clear picture that the researcher intends. Survey is the best form of data collection since it ensures flexibility in the gathering of information. In this case, the interviewer chooses the questions that he asks. Surveys also ensure the collection of diverse information that could be used to obtain sensitive information. A survey could be done via e-mail or interpersonal level making it fast and effective. A proper survey to validate my research is not accessible at the moment. Some of the challenges that are present in developing a survey incl ude the challenge of preserving the privacy of the respondent. In some cases, this action is impossible since some researches require revealing the source of information. Revealing the source most times makes the research authentic and credible but at the same time revealing the source is an infringement of the respondents’ privacy. According to Marsden and Wright (2010) there is another challenge that is involved in research especially when collecting information from a different culture. In relation to Cross-national research, a researcher should understand the culture, structure, and language of different nations. This could prove difficult for a researcher. Another challenge is deception according to Padgett (1998) who states that a lot of information collected in a research is full of deception. It is, therefore, difficult to determine what is true and what is not in a research hence the findings could be false. Some respondents would require a bribe in order to give the information they have hence affected the ethics of research. According to Padgett (1998), the researcher could also face threats to his life especially when the research topic is controversial. For instance, research concerning issue that tough on business rivalry, could make the business tycoons threaten the life of the researcher or even do everything to stop the research from being a success. Conclusion It is therefore important for the researcher to consider these different issues when creating a questionnaire and carrying out a survey. This will help in creating a survey project that could be used by researchers years to come. Reference List Babbie, E. (2009). The Basics of Social Research. (5th Ed.) Wadsworth Cengage Learning. New York. USA. Goddard, W., Melville S. (2001) Research Methodology: An introduction. (2nd ed.). Juta Co. Ltd. South Africa. Marsden, P., Wright, J. (2010). Handbook of Survey Research. Emerald Group Publishing. UK. Padgett, D. (1998). Qualitative Me thods in Social Work Research.Sage Publications. USA. This research paper on Surveys was written and submitted by user Green Heron to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Moldova and Belarus

Statement of the Topic and Its Importance European Union has become a major player in Eastern Europe in terms of economic, political and social activities. The role that European Union is playing in this region especially in Moldova and Belarus is very evidence with improved trades, relation policies and other economic activities.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Moldova and Belarus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Russia also has a strong interest in this region and conducts a major influence on Moldova and Belarus as well. With its energy endowment, Russia has a lot influence on these two countries and is capable of influencing the direction of important decisions in these countries as well. Both nations are therefore determined in building a strong relationship within the region in order to retain economic power and promote trade amongst them. In this contexts therefore, Moldova and Belarus are on the crossroad between the EU and Russia due to the equal opportunities in terms of trade, boarder management and visa management. The implementation of EU policy in the Eastern Partnership is therefore not an easy process conducted in vacuum and to large extent it’s affected by Russia. Aims and Objectives Explore the Eastern Partnership of EU for Moldova and Belarus and how the two countries are likely to benefit Understand the European neighborhood policy and how it impacts on Moldova and Belarus together with other eastern partners Enumerate the role and influence of Russian on Moldova and Belarus and how it affects the UN policy in the neighborhood and further relate these influences to the implementation of the UN Policy. Thesis Statement European Union promises a lot of benefits to Moldova and Belarus in terms of visa facilitation, freedom in trade and in the management of their borders with regard to immigrants. However, EU policy in the Eastern Partnership is not an easy process conducted in vacuum and to large extent its implementation is affected by Russia strong influence on Moldova and Belarus. Eastern Partnership of EU for Moldova and Belarus Eastern partnership of the European Union includes countries in the eastern part of Europe with a vision to creating economic stability, security and prosperity. It also moves to reach other countries like the Moldova and Belarus so as they are brought closer to the principles and practices of European Union. This has a number of benefits to these nations that range from integration into the EU economy, facilitation of visa, control of movements and border management of their member countries as well as provision of bargaining power1. All these in turn provide member countries with competitive advantage over the international rivals within the EU market.Advertising Looking for dissertation on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Intergovernmental Coordination The first policy that the European Union will have to offer for Eastern Partnership of EU for Moldova and Belarus is the foreign and security policy that is meant to control immigration between the borders of member nations. This policy sets out areas that need essential and immediate response in order to ensure that the borders of these nations are safe. The commitment on this policy to ensure that there is elaborations on policy on immigrations matters have been raised in 1989 by the European community council. The policy defines a surveillance system for external frontiers, information sharing system for people who can not qualify for admission and general combating networks of immigrations that are illegal. In this way European Union through this policy provides a platform for both Moldova and Belarus to gain a strong bargaining power in the world market and other international relations which is necessary for these two countries to comforta bly handle challenges that are external with regard to trade provided that the challenge helps in advancing any member of EU’s policy or objective. This is seen as an advantage to Moldova and Belarus as they will have a strong bargaining power economically in the international trades. However, European Union is currently experiencing a problem with how to integrate the EU borders to provide ways of handling the non member nations in the governance of EU. Visa Facilitation Visa facilitation agreement came to force in the year 2008 for Moldova and it provides a greater level of understanding and corporation between the countries with reference to migration2. This agreement between the European Union and the republic of Moldova will be very beneficial to the nation because they will be able to control immigrants in a more integrated and systematic manner. This will also help in combating illegal migrations as well as ensuring that the citizens of Moldova and Belarus received enh anced mobility facilities between their countries and the European Union. The visa facilitation has also improved the short term movement between Moldova and Belarus and other member nations and hence all the citizens will have opportunities to look for other available business opportunities outside their country. Moldova and Belarus have received the highest allocation of funds between the year 2007 – 2010 from the European Union to boost its trade in the international market and help improve the economy in general for the benefit of the citizens of those two countries.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Moldova and Belarus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This increase in the disbursement of funds to these countries has been due to economic crisis that has affected Eastern Europe especially Moldova and Belarus and their neighborhood. The plans of EU to support Moldova further to increase its partici pation in the international trade and also to compliment with the IMF agreement is also another benefit. Some of these funds are also intended to increase the visa facilitation process as one avenue for reaching to other countries for trade. Influence of Russia on Moldova and Belarus The influence of Russian on the former Soviet nations is enormous and it continues to look at Moldova and Belarus and the other states it describe as the states of Caucus as part and parcel of its economic and political backyard. It has linked these nations to its strategic economic interest. The regional policy of Russia consists of various strategies and instruments that for long time now have the objective of having Moldova and Belarus adopt and work within the framework of these policies. This is contrary to the European Union paths and policies. These instruments and policies that are used by Russia are against those of European Union and this is the major attempt to block the European Union in the se countries3. The major tools that can be identified with respect to maintaining their influence in Moldova and Belarus includes; their tactful use of energy as a monopoly tool to block other influences from the neighbors, their influence on domestic policy and their attempts to integrate the economy so as to gain competitive advantage over European Union. The tactful use of energy as a monopoly tool to put influence on the neighboring countries is evident in Russia. This is because Russia being the largest producer of natural gas and oil, it has utilized this competitive advantage to impose pressure on the neighboring nations in Moldova and Belarus and other neighboring nations of the Eastern Europe. Moldova and Belarus rely so much on Russia for the supply of fuel and gas at $5 cheaper cost and for them to continue enjoying this, they have to agree or accept certain policies with regard to Russia. This was evidenced when Russia decided to supply gas to the world market at differe nt prices in the year 2006.Advertising Looking for dissertation on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Russia for example was supplying one million liters of gas at $47 to Belarus and $110 to other parts of the world and other nations like Georgia. Other examples include the attempts by Russia to raise the price of gas in the world market in late 2006 in the attempt to manipulate the prices. This manipulation of prices by Russian may continue as part of the strategies to reward or punish the neighboring countries’ behaviors including Moldova and Belarus. European Union Neighborhood Policy During the year 2004, European neighborhood policy was adopted by the European Union4. This policy was meant to develop certain kind of group of friends around the Union. This policy is very beneficial to the Moldova and Belarus since it offers so much freedom to these two countries. It allows free movement of labor, people, goods and services for the members and hence has the capacity to enhance trade, prosperity and stability for the member country. This policy is therefore very good for Mo ldova and Belarus since it will ensure that these two nations receive equality and are protected from unfair competition that is coming from other rivals. However, when the European neighborhood policy is looked at as a strategy for the nations in Eastern Europe such as the Moldova and Belarus, it has not met the high expectations of its members. The members had high expectations of seeing this policy transform their individual interest and ensuring the economic stability of their nations. Even though the European commission has recognized the importance of this policy strategically beyond its borders, its success is still a challenge to many nations in Eastern Europe and many scholars have reported that it has a deficit. The first weaknesses in this policy are that this policy combines the nations without considering the differences that exist between the regions in these countries. Agenda was mainly generated by the neighboring countries starting with the Ukraine. Other countries then followed including the Mediterranean countries. This was however a strategy for the south towards the fear that the policies of the European Union could shift to the east and this could be very detrimental to them in terms of trade and economic stability and prosperity. This has lead to a lot of funds of up to 70% being allocated to the Mediterranean nations. Many scientists have argued that this distribution does not portray the intended original incentive. From this point of argument therefore, Moldova and Belarus may not have a better and the integration that they are expected to get from the European Neighborhood policy. Another aspect is that the European neighborhood policy is inflexible with respect to regional developments and other issues that are regional and when it attempts to reach Moldova and Belarus, it may not be very easy for them. This is a drawback to this policy because the members are sometimes withdrawn from the membership program and is not desirable when looking at the original intension of this policy. This is therefore a threat despite the numerous ‘’goods’’ that Moldova and Belarus may derive from this. Lack of harmonization of the European neighborhood policy and Russian policy is also another problem that is hindering the ability of the European Union to reach Moldova and Belarus5. The diversity in perceptions, interests and the actors in the in the European Union has a lot of effect on the prospects of the policy with regard to the Eastern European neighborhood. Unless the policies are harmonized between Russia and the European Union, there would be no much achievements in this integration. Harmonization of policies here however may not be possible owing to the fact that Russia has conflicting and contrary interests compared to those of the European Union. Conclusion It is critically important for Russia and the European Union to reach a consensus and find a solution on the neighborhood that they sh are in common. It is only through this corporation that the new order which the European Union is seeking with Moldova and Belarus will be possible. This is because the European Union policy does not rhyme that of Russia and they are antagonistic to each other. It is also evidence that Russia has a lot of influence in Moldova and Belarus and other Eastern European countries that is making it almost impossible for the European Union to reach to these countries together with others in the East. It is therefore important to emphasize that EU policy in the Eastern Partnership is not an easy process conducted in vacuum and to large extent its implementation is affected by Russia through their competitive advantage in terms of energy supply in the region as it is the biggest supplier of natural gas in the world. Bibliography Bezen, BC JC Demirtas, Neighborhood challenge, The European Union and its neighbours, Universal Publishers, Florida, 2009. Commission of the European Communities, Co mmunication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the European Council, Eastern Partnership, Brussels, 3.12.2008, COM(2008) 823 final. Great Britain, Parliament, House of lords European Union Committee, The European Union and Russia, Report with evidence, 14th Report of Session 2007 – 2008, 2009. Popescu, N, The limits of enlargement-lite: European and Russian Power in the troubled neighbourhood, European Council on Foreign Relations, retrieved www.ecfr.eu Whitman, R ST Wolf, The European neighbourhood policy in perspective, Context, implementation and impact, Palgrave studies in European Union Politics, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire, 2010. Footnotes 1 N, Popescu,The limits of enlargement-lite: European and Russian Power in the troubled neighbourhood, European Council on Foreign Relations, retrieved www.ecfr.eu 2 BC, Bezen Demirtas, JC, Neighbourhood challenge, The European Union and its neighbours, Universal Publishers, Florida, 2009, p.325. 3 Great Britain, Parliament, House of lords European Union Committee, The European Union and Russia: Report with evidence, 14th Report of Session 2007 – 2008, P.181. 4 Commission of the European Communities, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the European Council, Eastern Partnership, Brussels, 3.12.2008, COM(2008) 823 final p.8. 5 R, Whitman Wolf, St, The European neighbourhood policy in perspective: Context, implementation and impact, Palgrave studies in European Union politics, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire, 2010, P. 120. This dissertation on Moldova and Belarus was written and submitted by user Obi-Wan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Generate a Steady Income as a Writer for Corporate Clients

How to Generate a Steady Income as a Writer for Corporate Clients Ever wish there was some way you could earn an income you can depend on from your writing? Enter the corporate client and the retainer agreement. Corporations often have a huge need for regular writers, especially those with a strong online presence. They need fresh content for their website, blog and newsletters. Rebecca Matter, President of American Writers Artists Inc (AWAI) advises writers to use retainers, and so does copywriter Angela Booth and content marketer Trent Dyrsmid. A retainer is a sum of money a company agrees to pay a writer a certain sum of money for an agreed upon amount of work. It is a win-win situation for both parties. Companies are guaranteed quality writing from a dependable source and writers can rest easy knowing they have steady money coming in every month. Ready markets for retainers Retainers are most suitable where there is a need for regular writing. Blogs need to be updated frequently. and many companies send out weekly newsletters to their clients. Businesses that want to rank well in Google need create fresh content. When writing for these companies, you must thoroughly research the industry and capture the voice of the business. How to find clients Start Another way to find clients is to search job boards like http://jobs.problogger.net/ and bloggingpro.com/jobs/ . You can also optimize your Linkedin profile, as companies also use the network to find freelance writers. Get prospects to say yes to a retainer When pitching a retainer deal, remember that clients expect a price break. Be sure to point out that How to price your services for success Prices should reflect not only the time you spend on the client but also the time you save not looking for other clients and getting to know their needs. You also need to consider what the rate would be if each task youll be performing were contracted separately and what savings to offer the client. Most importantly, decide on the minimum fee that would make the deal worthwhile for you and keep this in mind when negotiating. Protect yourself Avoid misunderstandings The amount and date of payment The amount and type of writing Invoicing procedures How each party can terminate the agreement For new clients, you should also request 50 percent upfront for the first month and include a date when the agreement will be reviewed. It is possible to earn consistent money writing for corporations. Focus on businesses with high volume writing needs, and hook them with a retainer agreement.

Medievel Glass at Corning Museum of Glass Assignment

Medievel Glass at Corning Museum of Glass - Assignment Example . People who do not normally see glass as an artwork will be surprised to know that a museum of glass exists. The medieval glass collection of the Corning Museum of Glass (CMG, 2012a) displays a wide range of glass objects that had decorative and functional purposes during medieval times. After conducting a virtual visit of this museum’s â€Å"Medieval Glass for Popes, Princes and Peasants,† this writer realized how much glass can depict cultural and social beliefs, divisions, and struggles. Glass signifies cultural values and social divisions because its transformation across time depicts social stratification and social transformation. Medieval glass begins somewhere, and its humble beginnings reflect the practical needs and social concerns of its users. A 425-dated olive green glass, a Byzantine Cone Beaker, demonstrates a simple design that reflects its functional purpose (see Figure 1). After the Roman Empire disintegrated, tastes in glass varied. In locations where the Franks lived, simpler shapes and decorative styles were the norm. This Byzantine Cone Beaker is designed for convenience, which suggests how this glass expresses the pragmatic needs of its users. Glass art can be used as a â€Å"medium of learning† of another time and culture (Diffey, 1997, p.27). One can only imagine the working-class drinking their wine in pubs or homes and relaxing enough to forget their troubles. This glass stands for the practical demands of people making a living for survival. Nothing is simple with this simple glass. It is simple because life is hard. Figure 1: A Byzantine Cone Beaker, dating 425-599 Source: Corning Museum of Glass (2012b) The latest example of medieval glass in the exhibit is impressive because of its intricate design that depicts strong social changes and inequalities. A Baroque Ewer (see figure 2), a colorless glass with green tinge and numerous bubbles in color combinations, suggests aesthetic beauty and creativity. The top of the handle has a thumb rest, which is an innovation (CMG, 2012b). It signifies the changing society that demands creativity in its products. Moreover, this ewer has evolved a great deal from initial glass designs because it is multi-colored and intricately formed. Even when these things have simple functions, people craved for more beauty in their everyday objects. This beauty essentially represents their social identity. Their demand for more beautiful things in their lives connotes their need for asserting their social importance. Bourdieu talks about social and economic capital that reinforces social inequality (Dillon, 2010). Only the rich can afford this ewer, and design that is important to them becomes something coveted, and yet to the masses it is unimportant. Nevertheless, glass becomes a unique differentiating tool of their social status. Figure 2: A Baroque Ewer, dating 1550-1600 Source: Corning Museum of Glass (2012b) Glass objects represent a groups’ social status and identities. For instance, figure 3 shows a Behaim Beaker that might have been specifically made for a rich merchant’s daughter’s wedding. The wedding took place on July 7, 1495; it was the nuptial of Michael Behaim and Katerina Lochnerin, the daughter of a rich merchant, whose company monopolized the trade between Nuremberg and Venice (CMG, 2012b). This object shows that even the simplest things say something about the owner and his/her culture and society. The name Behaim Beaker belongs to a prominent family and its drawings of saints, birds, and helmets signify pow er. These are objects that help conceive self-identity with â€Å"images [that] shape an individual self-concept† (Freedman, 2003, p.2). It demonstrates power and majesty in